So, the example for the case of a 100mm piece of plate at a 20° slope from vertical with the shell trajectory being parallel to the ground: 100\cos(20) = 106.4 The mathematical equation for this is as follows: Thickness of the plate divided by the co-sin of the angle from impact trajectory. The more a plate is sloped compared to the trajectory of the shell, the harder it is for the shell to penetrate, and this effect increases exponentially the more it is sloped. The actual effect is a little more complicated, due to the tendency of AP shells to turn into the plate upon impact (“Normalisation”), but you can see the gist of it. Some statistics measure from the horizontal, so instead of ‘0’ read ’90.’ When comparing sources, be sure to verify their reference plane) In this example, the measurement is from the vertical. (Note that different countries measure slope differently. This latter is important for two reasons: Firstly, it increases the chance of a ricochet, and more importantly, it effectively makes the armour thicker. (Another is the hardness factor, but this is not modelled). Armour is measured with respect to two main factors: The raw thickness of the armour plate, and also the slope of the armour.
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